Alopecia areata (AA) is a nonscarring autoimmune disorder characterizedby a T-cell-mediated attack on anagen hair follicles, resulting in abrupt hair loss without permanent follicular destruction. The lifetime risk is approximately 2%. Recent epidemiologic data demonstrate racial differences in disease prevalence, with the highest rates observed among Asian (414 per 100,000) and Black (226 per 100,000) individuals compared with White individuals (168 per 100,000). Although ge

Tinea capitis is a dermatophyte infection of the scalp hair caused primarily by Trichophyton and Microsporum species. The fungi invade keratinized tissue, including the hair follicle and hair shaft, leading to brittle hair, scaling, and alopecia. Tinea capitis most commonly affects children, particularly those between three and 14 years of age, although adult cases can occur. In adults, tinea capitis infection is uncommon but has been reported most often in postmenopausal wom

Central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia (CCCA) is a lymphocyte-predominant scarring alopecia characterized by permanent hair loss that classically begins on the crown of the scalp and gradually spreads centrifugally. It predominantly affects women of African descent, with estimates suggesting a prevalence of up to 7%. However, no population-based studies have been performed, so its true prevalence remains unknown. CCCA is believed to result from a complex interplay of geneti